You won't be able to compensate for this after the fact because you can't change the exposure. There's an "Active" flavor of this feature that adjusts the camera's exposure program for maximum dynamic range after the processing happens. This is the same thing done by the Fill Light control on some processing software does. Nikon's more recent bodies have a feature called D-Lighting that lightens the darker areas in the image. Your best bet would be to work with a few raw images and their camera-produced JPEGs side-by-side to see if you can find a set of basic changes that work. This normally involves setting white balance and applying some combination of adjustments to sharpening, contrast, brightness, hue and saturation. The first is how the camera enhances (or attempts to enhance) the image after it has been captured. There are two major categories of changes you need to deal with: You can, with some experimentation, approximate it. I'm sure Nikon knows, but I'm also sure they're not telling beyond what they cover in the owner's manual.
To duplicate it exactly, you'd need to understand exactly what the camera does between the sensor and the finished JPEG.
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